Optimising GPR time‐zero adjustment and two‐way travel time wavelet measurements using a realistic 3D numerical model

Time-zero adjustment or the true ground surface for penetrating radar (GPR) applications is a very important aspect and an essential factor in order to position subsurface targets, especially those located at shallow depths, their depth. As transmitted received signals from GPR antennas are affected by presence of different materials with varying electromagnetic properties, adjusting time zero appropriately important, but often not straightforward accurately. This paper uses realistic three-dimensional numerical model transducer examine where best location on trace. It shown that, establish robust consistent time-zero position, careful consideration also needed around how two-way travel reflected wavelet estimated. Starting simple homogeneous set better process picking wavelets put forward, that verified using further more complex heterogeneous models. Further verification obtained experimental data.